Major Concepts & Points
Scientific Notation
- a method for making large and bulky numbers more compact
- the aspect of a measurement that tell us what scale or standard is being used to represent the number
- the English system: inches, pounds, miles
- the SI unit system (metric): meters, grams, kilometers
- take the average of id different measurements in order to accurately estimate the correct measurement
- all nonzero integers
- all captive zeros (zeros between nonzero integers)
- trailing zeros (zeros at the end) if there is a decimal
- using dimensional analysis to convert units
- Fahrenheit scale (water boils at 212º and freezes at 32º)
- Celsius scale (water boils at 100º and freezes at 0º)
- Kelvin scale (water boils at 373 K and freezes at 273 K)
- density=mass/volume
Example Calculations & Problems
Scientific Notation:
- 56, 000, 000, 000= 5.6 x 10^(10)
- 283459.9= 2.834599 x 10^(-5)
- 563 has 3 significant figures, because there are 3 nonzero integers (5, 6, and 3)
- 20, 899, 542 has 8 significant figures, because there are 7 nonzero integers and 1 captive zero
- 006.3857 has 5 significant figures, because there are 5 nonzero integers and the leading zeros do not count
- 0034.50920 has 7 significant figures
- 78.2 m= ? yd
- 1 m= 1.09361 yd
Density:
- find the density of an object that is 654 g and has a volume of 2 mL
- 654 g/2 mL= 327 g/mL